Gothic History and Origins

Gothic History and Origins The term Gothic was utilized in the Renaissance to depict particular kinds of workmanship and design in the Middle Ages. This craftsmanship was viewed as second rate, similarly as the Romans had held themselves better than the brutes. In the eighteenth century, the term Gothic transformed into a class of writing that had components of loathsomeness. In the late twentieth century it transformed again into a style and subculture described by overwhelming eyeliner and all-dark attire. Initially, the Goths were one of the savage horseback riding bunches that messed up the Roman Empire. Antiquated Source on the Goths The antiquated Greeks believed the Goths to be Scythians. The name Scythian was utilized by the old antiquarian, Herodotus (440 B.C.), to depict brutes who lived on their ponies north of the Black Sea and were likely not Goths. At the point when the Goths came to live in a similar territory, they were viewed as Scythians as a result of their savage method of living. It is difficult to tell when the individuals we call Goths started to encroach upon the Roman Empire. As per Michael Kulikowski, in Romes Gothic Wars, the primary safely bore witness to Gothic strike occurred in 238 A.D. at the point when Goths sacked Histria. In 249 they assaulted Marcianople. After a year, under their lord Cniva, they sacked a few Balkan urban areas. In 251, Cniva steered Emperor Decius at Abrittus. The attacks proceeded and moved from the Black Sea to the Aegean where the student of history Dexippus effectively safeguarded an assaulted Athens against them. He later expounded on the Gothic Wars in his S cythica. Albeit the majority of Dexippus is lost, the antiquarian Zosimus approached his chronicled composition. Before the finish of the 260s, the Roman Empire was winning against the Goths. Medieval Source on the Goths The tale of the Goths for the most part starts in Scandinavia, as is told by the history specialist, Jordanes, in his The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, section 4: IV (25) Now from this island of Scandza, as from a hive of races or a belly of countries, the Goths are said to have approached quite a while in the past under their ruler, Berig by name. When they landed from their boats and set foot on the land, they straightway gave their name to the spot. What's more, even to-day it is supposed to be called Gothiscandza. (26) Soon they moved from here to the dwelling places of the Ulmerugi, who at that point harped on the shores of Ocean, where they set up a campsite, got fight together with them and drove them from their homes. At that point they repressed their neighbors, the Vandals, and hence added to their triumphs. In any case, when the quantity of the individuals expanded enormously and Filimer, child of Gadaric, ruled as kingabout the fifth since Berighe concluded that the military of the Goths with their families should move from that area. (27) looking for appropriate homes and lovely places they went to the place that is known for Scyt hia, called Oium in that tongue. Here they were charmed with the incredible lavishness of the nation, and it is said that when a large portion of the military had been brought over, the extension whereby they had crossed the waterway fell in absolute ruin, nor would anyone be able to from there on go to or fro. For the spot is supposed to be encircled by convulsing marshes and a surrounding chasm, so that by this twofold deterrent nature has made it difficult to reach. What's more, even to-the very first moment may hear in that area the lowing of steers and may discover hints of men, on the off chance that we are to accept the accounts of voyagers, despite the fact that we should concede that they hear these things from a remote place. Germans and Goths Kulikowski says that the Goths were related with the Scandinavians and accordingly Germans had incredible intrigue in the nineteenth century and were bolstered by the disclosure of a semantic connection between the dialects of the Goths and Germans. The possibility that a language relationship suggests an ethnic relationship was well known yet doesnt substantiate practically speaking. Kulikowski says the main proof of a Gothic people from before the third century originates from Jordanes, whose word is suspect. Kulikowski on the Problems of Using Jordanes Jordanes wrote in the second 50% of the 6th century. He put together his history with respect to the not, at this point surviving composition of a Roman aristocrat named Cassiodorus whose work he had been approached to compress. Jordanes didn't have the history before him when he composed, so what amount was his own creation cannot be learned. A lot of Jordanes composing has been dismissed as excessively whimsical, however the Scandinavian starting point has been acknowledged. Kulikowski focuses to a portion of the unrealistic sections in Jordanes history to state that Jordanes is untrustworthy. Where a few his reports are substantiated somewhere else, they can be utilized. Where there is no supporting proof, we need different purposes behind tolerating. On account of the supposed roots of the Goths, any supporting proof originates from individuals utilizing Jordanes as a source. Kulikowski likewise articles to utilizing archeological proof as help since ancient rarities moved around and were exchanged. What's more, archeologists have based their attribution of Gothic curios to Jordanes. On the off chance that Kulikowski is correct, we dont know where the Goths originated from or where they were before their third-century trips into the Roman Empire.

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance of Research Paper

Legitimate and Ethical Aspects of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance of Employees - Research Paper Example Electronic observing has been characterized as the automated assortment, stockpiling, examination, and announcing of data about representatives profitable exercises (Office of Technology Assessment, 1987). Representative checking has gotten a lot simpler with the coming of new and modest advancements. Electronic Monitoring and observation incorporates practices, for example, video and sound reconnaissance, observing employees’ utilization of PC that incorporates browsing of email, PC records and now and then even keystroke speed. There are numerous purposes behind initiating observing and reconnaissance. As indicated by the American Management Association a portion of the principle reasons are: execution assessment, consistence with government and neighborhood laws, insurance against lawful risk and cost control of the utilization of organization telephone and web. Security and insurance of business data can be refered to as different reasons. There are a few sorts of representative checking and observation frameworks. The most ordinarily utilized are 1)computer observing :With the assistance of PC observing frameworks a business can check an employee’s speed and exactness, screen the quantity of blunders, the quantity of occupations done, time spent away from PC. This data would then be able to be utilized by the business to keep up records of an employee’s execution and to set execution norms 2) Video observation: Employers utilize these frameworks to follow worker burglary, and wastage of time 3) Phone tapping: This is the most well-known technique for checking utilized by bosses. Here the quantity of calls, the recurrence, the length and goal of the calls are totally recorded. This data is then used to distinguish if a representative is giving basic data about the association to untouchables and to prepare workers for better client care. 4) E-mail and Voice Mail following: In certain working environments managers screen a representatives email and voice message. With the assistance of new advances, managers can without much of a stretch track

Racial Profiling And Looking For Possible Solutions Issue - 1650 Words

Racial Profiling And Looking For Possible Solutions To The Issue (Research Paper Sample) Content: Students NameInstructors NameCourse TitleDateRacial ProfilingIntroductionRacial profiling is the singling out an individual or individuals for special offers by the persons color or ethnic community. The United States has addressed the issue with the aim of protecting the civil rights of the minority groups in the society which belongs to a specific class or group. The government of the United States has carried out several amendments to its constitution which illegalizes racial profiling. For instance, the fourth amendment act offers protection against any unreasonable search and seizure, and the fourteenth amendments provide equal protection provisions making racial profiling unlawful (Engel et al., p.249). The law enforcement bodies have partnered with the legal community in defining conditions that require the application of ethnicity and racism about other factors and behaviors. The paper addresses the solutions to racial profiling which has become a contentious issue in our society today.The racial profiling definitions vary due to the controversial nature of the issue. According to the Department of Justice, racial profiling is any action initiated by the police which depends on the ethnic community, color or nationality rather than individuals behavior that guides the cops to a particular person identified as a criminal (Schuck et al., p.491). On the other hand, the General Accounting Office describes it as the application of race as a crucial factor in making decisions regarding whether or not to make a traffic stop (Schuck et al., p.491). Furthermore, the Arizona Attorney Generals office defines racial profiling as the usage of law enforcement officers of a citizens ethnicity or race as a base for the articulation of reasonable suspicion to the arresting, questioning or stopping a person (Schuck et al., p.491).The immigration arena brought the matter of racial profiling into a sharp focus. The period led to the enactment of several law s such as Arizonas S.B. 1070. Although the law illegalized racial profiling, it faced a lot of critics and branded as one which is impossible to implement unless police officers are involved (Schuck et al., p.491). Almost all illegal immigrants in Arizona come to Mexico and are Hispanics. On the other hand, not every Hispanic of Mexican origin is an illegal immigrant, and that is where the most significant challenge of S.B law arises (Schuck et al., p.491).Thus, there is a high probability that the S.B 1070 law will lead to discrimination by racial profiling against Hispanics who either belong to the United States or other countries.There exists an imbalance in power between the law enforcement personnel, majority population members and the targeted community that is the minority population by definition (Schuck et al., p.491). The scenario exists in countries where racial profiling is of national importance. Such countries include the United States of America, Canada among others ( Schwartz and Robert, p.1392).Challenges associated with Racial ProfilingThe relationship between law enforcement personnel and racial minorities has been compromised in the past. With the current happenings, the strained relationship is still in progress and has become more complicated. The issue of racial profiling has been trending in the social media in association with current killings of the civilians by the police officers (Smith et al., p.4). There has been a growing belief among the minority groups in the society that the police is unfairly targeting them due to their racial background. For instance, research points out that the traffic patrol has pulled over a more significant percentage of Hispanics and black Americans than the Caucasian people (Meehan et al., p.339). A racial profiling study conducted in 2008 in LAPD reveals that the African-Americans were frisked 127% more times than the white people. The research also showed that the rate of arresting blacks in the Unit ed States is 29% higher than that of the white people (Engel et al., p.249). The arrest rate is even applicable in instances where the contraband rate established in a suspect is higher for the white people than for Hispanics and black Americans.Racial profiling is a blackmail method in identifying which race is better than others. However, the ethnic profiling activists argue that the profiling method helps in the identification of criminals, crime preventions and providing protection to the innocent people. They base their arguments in that if the police have a racial profile of a particular person, it can apprehend a criminal before he or she commits an offense. (Welch and Kelly, p.276). The racial profiling advocates argue that science and statistics offers a good back up to racial profiling and thus it is not a racist act. On the other hand, the protesters of racial profiling point out that the scientific and statistical evidence form current methods of utilizing skull measure ments in the identification of who is a better race (Gross et al., p.1413). Therefore, in its evaluation, the demerits of racial profiling exceed the merits.The controversial aspect of racial profiling arises in the fact that it a harmful practice that supports various unique matters and thus it is problematic to address by use of standard accountability measures of security personnel. The society lays its trust in the law police officers and is provided with extensive discretion in the execution of their responsibilities (Briggs and Charles, p.19). As a consequence, if the political officers are left unchecked, they take the opportunity of broad discretion in abusing their powers in the name of the efficient and effective implementation of their roles (Smith et al., p.87). The racial profiling may transform the police into using violence and excessive force and in the falsification of evidence (Smith et al., p.87).Solutions to racial profilingThere are various ways of reducing raci al profiling in our society today. Some of the ideas are described below.Establishment of Trust and LegitimacyThe law enforcement culture should focus more on being guardians rather than taking the roles of a warrior, and this helps in building trust and legitimacy within the law enforcement agencies and in general public. The citizens of any country have a higher probability of obeying the law when they believe that the police officers possess a legitimate authority (Gross et al., p.1413). The members of the general public only convene legitimacy to the law enforcement personnel who administer justice in their day to day operations. Establishment of trust and legitimacy is a first pillar and a founding principle of the underlying nature of relations between police officers and the citizens they serve (Gross et al., p.1413). The police should always protect the minority groups in the society which are mostly the victims of racial profiling.Policy and OversightThe police officers mus t execute their responsibilities under strict adherence to the law failure to which they should be held accountable. Different countries have various constitutions which define the code of conduct of the police officers (Cooper and Frank, p.234). The oversight organizations should perform its roles to keep the law enforcement personnel on toes. Any police officer found harassing civilians or minority people in the society with no good reason should face the consequences (Cooper and Frank, p.234). The oversight organizations need to be active in their roles and are expected to ensure that there exists the excellent relationship between the police officers and the citizens. (Cooper and Frank, p.234).Training and EducationThe security docket is expanding every day due to population growth. Education to the various law enforcement officers is essential to equip the police with different skills of handling people from diverse ethnic and racial groups. Every member of the society is valua ble and should receive fair treatment (Weitzer et al., p.4). The training should emphasize on the evils associated with racism, ethnicity and racial profiling. The education program should always have a common goal of achieving a pluralistic society where racial profiling will be an issue of the past (Weitzer et al., p.4).Officer wellness and SafetyThe government should put the necessary measures towards ensuring the wellness and safety of the law enforcement personnel. The welfare and safety of such staff are essential to the police officers, agencies and colleagues and protects the public (Weitzer et al., p.4). The strategies result in long-term improvements in the manner of how the law enforcement bodies interact and lead to positive changes in the societies. Therefore, excellent officer wellness and safety fosters a good relationship between the police officers and the public. The process ensures that justice is administered at all times and overcomes the evils of racial profil ing (Weitzer et al., p.4).Alternative Approach to Addressing Racial ProfilingSocial Media and TechnologyThe technology and social media tools can be utilized to restore trust and legitimacy between law enforcement officers and the minority groups in the society. Both the police and other law enforcement bodies can use the channels to educate marginal...

Feminist Criticism Of The Yellow Wallpaper. Nicole Hedrick.

Feminist Criticism of the Yellow Wallpaper Nicole Hedrick ENG 221 – Dr. Laura Gilbert Baker College Online Feminist Criticism of the Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper written by Charlotte Gilman is a story written in the 19th century when women were battling society on what the role of women should be. The readings of The Yellow Wallpaper bring attention to a woman who slowly descends into madness trying to have a voice in a patriarchal society. The narrator was expected to obey her husband and be the wife he wants her to be and what society expected her to be. This short story was not published for many years, one publisher even wrote in a rejection letter to Gillman that stated: I could not forgive myself if I made others as†¦show more content†¦She has no ability to express herself through her writing, in turn making her more depressed and exhausted with trying to hide her voice from the world. Not only was the husband demanding but so was a society in this time frame. Women were to obey their husbands and be women who stayed quiet and took care of the house and children. Gillman writes he is very careful and lovi ng and hardly lets me stir without special direction†¦ he takes care of me, and I feel basely ungrateful not to value it more (Lynn, 2004 p.318). The author and her choice of words reflect that the husbands attempt to control the wife is not working entirely, she is hinting that she wants more control of her life. The man plays a significant role in the story as the overbearing spouse. He clearly rules the roost, and it is shown by the influence he has over the wife. John controls nearly all aspects of his wife s life, such as who she sees, which room she sleeps in, and which furniture surrounds her (Startripping. n.d). The first line that I would like to point out gives a startling insight into the character s marriage by stating John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage (Lynn, 2004 p. 317). This line shows that he does not have any respect for his wife, but rather he sees her as a lesser person of interest. John views his wife throughout the story as smaller person, and it resembles it through the dialogue of the short story. He is very

Business Law Case Studies - 1035 Words

Problem 1 a) Can Tim sue his father Jack on the basis that the parties intended to contract, and that sufficient consideration was applied? b) The relevant rules are every simple contract must be supported by consideration, a promise to fulfil the terms of a contract is not always good consideration, and the rule that an agreement that is commercial in character can amount to a binding contract c) Todd v Nicol [1957] SASR 72 (Supreme Court of Australia) d) Yes, Tim might be successful in court if it can be proven that Jack provided sufficient consideration in the form of a promise to lend Tim the $50,000, and if clear evidence of intent to contract can be determined, as was determined in Todd v Nicol. Both parties provided†¦show more content†¦c) Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd [1949] 1 All ER 127 (UK Court of Appeal), Reg Glass Pty Ltd v Rivers Locking Systems Pty Ltd (1968) 120 CLR 516 (High Court) d) Angela may well be successful in court, as it could be argued that there is an implied term in the contract that the hotel should provide reasonable care. As seen in similar circumstances in Olley v Marlborough Court Ltd, by leaving the door to Angela’s room unlocked, the hotel did not fulfil this term of providing reasonable care. The sign on the back of the door is not an express term within the contract, as it was not communicated at the time the contract was made. Problem 6 a) Can Andy sue Doug for breach of contract given the terms implied based on the facts of the case? b) The rule that courts will imply a term that was overlooked when the contract was being made, as it was so obvious c) The Moorcock (1889) 14 PD 64 (UK Court of Appeal, Costa Vraca Pty Ltd v Berrigan Weed Pest Control Pty Ltd [1998] FCA 693 (Federal Court) d) Andy is likely to be successful in court. Although the only express terms were that Andy would pay $400 for use of the paddocks for his horse, there is a potential implied term that the paddocks would be reasonably equipped to service the horse, especially given both parties understood that the horse would require grass and water during the time it was living in the paddock. 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Jacob Riis How The Other Half Lives Essay Assignment Example For Students

Jacob Riis How The Other Half Lives Essay Assignment This book talks about the immigrants in the early 1900s. The book describes how they live their daily lives in New York City. It helped me a lot on Riis photographs and his writings on to better understand the book and the harsh reality this people lived. This comes to show us that life is not that easy and it will cost us work to succeed. Riis talked about all the immigrant major groups that came to the United States during this time period. Riis was a bit prejudice and stereotyped the people he wrote about. For example he talked about he Italians as being gamblers and being slow learners. He criticizes them as being dumb and that is the reason they were cheated on their pay roll. They were told that by coming to America they would get payed well and not be charge rent but they were cheated instead. Immigrant lifestyle was well looked at by Riis. He took at look at all the ways the poor lived in New York from their homes to their back alleys. Brief commentary was written and good photographs were taken. Riis talked about the places they lived in from very poor lighted attics to nothing at all basements. What the author accomplished by putting this book out was to inform the world, in its time period, todays present and absolutely the future. Riis showed us the life this people lived and a time period in America that should never be forgotten. This time in America is what shaped it into what it is today. He took a good look on how this people and pointed it out so the world can see. I have heard of photojournalism but this was the first book I read on it. And it was very well explained everything with its writings and photography was well done. I would compare this book to Newsweek report on the September 11 attacks. Even though they are very different they were both two major events and very well done. How the Other Half Lives blended in the pictures and its text very well and it touched very point of poverty in he 1900s. From the orphans dwellings to a whole family lifestyle from waking up and working twelve hour shifts.Newsweek talked about another huge subject photograph it and wrote about it. The article in this magazine talked about the subject in hand which was terrorism and wrote and photograph the problems around it. Newsweek informed us of who was behind it and how it affected the world and the United States. Similar how Riis did it show how it affected the families. Even though these two articles are very different they showed us the reality we face in the world today. It comes to show that the knowledge is out there its just a matter of time when someone is going be get it and put it out so the world can see. Riis and Newsweek did was to inform us what was going on during that time period.

It Is Often Said That When Considering A Work Of Great Literature, The

It is often said that when considering a work of great literature, the title of such work can be just as important as the context of the story. Authors time and again wait until they have completed the context of their work to give it a title as to make sure this chosen title is the best possible representation of their work. Stated equally as often is that the significance of some of these titles is easy to recognize while in other titles, the significance is only developed gradually. The latter is the case for Joseph Conrad's Heart Of Darkness. The author implements the literary devices of contrast, repetition and point of view to successfully convey the meaning and symbolism of his title. At first read through the short book, one may perceive the "heart of darkness" to simply be the wilderness in the center of Africa into which Marlow is headed. This in not incorrect, however the meaning of the title is multi-faceted, moving and morphing into other parts of its meaning as the story moves on. Under further scrutiny, the reader will notice Conrad's drastic use of contrast. The contrasts include that between light and dark in the grove of death, black and white of the people, ultimately between civilization and the uncivilized wilderness these men are there to colonize. A distinct barrier is set around this uncivilized are as some deep, dark, brooding place where all bad part of humanity can stir. From this, the reader can establish that a second meaning on the "heart of darkness" referred to in the title is that out of civilized society, man is believed to live in some hellish arena, in this immense darkness. Further showing this meaning as well as bringing in another is Conrad's use of repetition in his book. The most noticeable repetition in the book is the use of the title or some close variation of it to describe certain places, events, and people. The use of such phrases when describing parts of the wilderness or those things in nature only reassured the previous meaning. The use of such phrases when referring to people, such as the cry of the natives and in certain references to Kurtz implies another, rather startling meaning: that the "heart of darkness" in not a part of the world, something someone can visit and touch and explain to other people; rather, this "heart of darkness" is something inside people. One may take this only to mean the savage people in the wilderness, surrounding Kurt's Inner Station but there is more, which extends to all man. This is most clearly seen in the closing moments of the tale when the reader is returned to the boat from whence the story began. The tale is now over of Marlow's enlightenment in the center of the world, but the journey that these men are on is not completed. As the tale is told, the men notice that Marlow has been talking all night and the dawn is now approaching, however with a dark, overcast sky. This darkness cast over the water ahead of them makes it seem as though they, too, are traveling into some immense darkness. These men are not free of that darkness, and neither is anyone else. Deep down, even human has a part of some greater savagery that is inescapable and even more incomprehensible. The point of view in which the context of the short novel is conveyed is also important to the reader in establishing a meaning for the title. Beginning as a frame tale and moving into a first-person narrative and finally returning to the cruiser to end the frame is extremely powerful in conveying the meanings of Heart of Darkness. The frame introduces a separation in time that is ultimately gapped in the closing portions of the story. The gapping of the separation is important to conclude that the meanings are not simply applicable only to those of a certain place at a certain time. The meanings of the title span all geographical limits as well as all bounds of time. The main part of the context being told in the first-person by Marlow is also instrumental in conveying exactly what the